Improvement on Quality Standard of Belladonnae Herba / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo improve the current standard of Belladonnae Herba in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. MethodTaking hyoscyamine sulfate， atropine sulfate and scopoletin as reference substances， and ethyl acetate-methanol-concentrated ammonia（17∶4∶2）as developing solvent， thin layer chromatography （TLC） was applied in the qualitative identification of Belladonnae Herba. The moisture， total ash and ethanol-soluble extract of Belladonnae Herba were determined based on the general principles in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （volume Ⅳ）. The contents of hyoscyamine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with mobile phase of acetonitrile-54 mmol·L-1 phosphate buffer solution （14∶86）， flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1 and detection wavelength at 210 nm. ResultThe spots in the TLC were clear with good separation and specificity. Hyoscyamine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide showed a good linearity with peak area in the range of 0.024 7-0.789 6 g·L-1 （r=0.999 9） and 0.003 9-0.124 0 g·L-1 （r=0.999 9）， the average recoveries of these two ingredients were 100.29% （RSD 1.6%） and 99.04% （RSD 1.4%）， respectively. The limits for moisture， total ash in Belladonnae Herba should be less than 13.0% and the limit for the ethanol-soluble extract should be more than 10.0%. Due to the low content and wide variation of scopolamine hydrobromide， the content of hyoscyamine sulfate should not be less than 0.098%. ConclusionThe established method is simple， specific and reproducible， which can be used to improve the quality control standard of Belladonnae Herba.

Effect of scopolamine butylbromide injection combined with tamsulosin oral auxiliary extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of urinary calculi and influence on serum inflammatory factors / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the effect of scopolamine butylbromide injection combined with tamsulosin oral auxiliary extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) in the treatment of urinary calculi,and to investigate its effect on serum inflammatory factors.Methods From January 2016 to May 2017,96 patients with urinary calculi in the People's Hospital of Lanxi were selected and randomly divided into control group(n =42) and observation group(n =54).The control group received scopolamine butylbromide assisted ESWL treatment,the observation group treated with tamsulosin on the basis of the control group.The VAS score,clinical efficacy,adverse reactions and serum C reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-alpha) and other inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups.Results Before treatment,no statistically significant difference in VAS score was found between the two groups (t =0.274,P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,the VAS score of the observation group was (2.21 ± 0.28) points,which was significantly lower than that of the control group[(4.75 ± 0.63) points] (t =7.935,P ＜ 0.05).The stone clearance rate in the observation group was 96.30％ (52/54),which was significantly higher than that in the control group[71.43％ (30/42)] (x2 =6.712,P ＜ 0.05).The time of disappearance of pain in the observation group was (10.86 ± 1.54) d,which was significantly lower than that in the control group [(7.02 ± 1.25) d] (t =7.468,P ＜0.05).The lithecbole time of the observation group was (9.01 ± 1.53) h,which was significantly shorter than that of the control group[(13.25 ± 2.21) h] (t =8.035,P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,there were no statistically significant differences in serum CRP and TNF-levels between the two groups (t =0.152,0.185,all P ＞0.05).After treatment,the serum level of CRP in the observation group was (11.64 ± 1.75) mg/L,which was significantly lower than that in the control group [(18.94 ± 2.03) mg/L] (t =7.008,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the serum TNF-level in the observation group was (13.95 ± 2.01)mg/L,which was significantly lower than that in the control group[(20.76 ±3.18) mg/L] (t =7.008,P ＜0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group was 5.56％,which was significantly lower than 26.19％ of the control group (x2 =9.572,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Urinary calculi underwent intravenous infusion of scopolamine butylbromide combined with tamsulosin oral adjuvant ESWL therapy,can effectively reduce the pain of patients,reduce the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,improve the stone clearance rate,and with less complications,it is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Hyoscine butylbromide for colorectal polyp detection: prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: The removal of pre-malignant colorectal lesions prevents cancer. Hyoscine has been proposed as a means of improving diagnosis by reducing colonic movements. The aim of this study was to analyze whether this anti-spasmodic enhances the detection of pre-malignant colorectal lesions. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blinded fashion patients received hyoscine or a saline solution in all consecutive colonoscopies in which the cecum was reached. Lesions were analysed with respect to number, size, location, histology and capillary pattern. RESULTS: A total of 440 colonoscopies were randomized. The overall polyp detection rate (PDR) and the adenoma detection rate (ADR) were 65.2% and 49.3%, respectively. In the hyoscine group, non-polypoid lesions were detected significantly more often (p=0.01). In the placebo group 281 lesions were diagnosed (202 adenomas) and in the hyoscine group 282 lesions were detected (189 adenomas) (p=0.23). The PDR and ADR were similar between the placebo and hyoscine groups (64% vs 66% and 50% vs 47%, respectively). No differences were observed between the two groups in the advanced-ADR or advanced neoplasia detection rate, as well the mean numbers of polyps, adenomas, advanced adenomas and advanced neoplasias detected per patient. The administration of hyoscine also did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of digital chromoendoscopy. The presence of adenomatous polyps in the right colon was detected significantly more frequently in the hyoscine group (OR 5.41 95% CI 2.7 - 11; p<0.01 vs OR 2.3 95% CI 1.1 - 4.6; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The use of hyoscine before beginning the withdrawal of the colonoscope does not seem to enhance the PDR and the ADR.

Enduring amnesia induced by ICV scopolamine is reversed by sesame oil in male rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluated the long-term effect of scopolamine and sesame oil on spatial memory. METHODS: Memory impairment induced by Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of scopolamine hydrochloride (10 μg/ rat). Animals were gavaged for 4 weeks with saline, sesame oil (0.5, 1, or 2 mL/kg/day), or 3 weeks with memantine (30 mg/kg/day) in advance to induction of amnesia. Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted 6 days after microinjection of scopolamine. Then, blood and brain samples were collected and evaluated for the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, and total antioxidant status (TAS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). RESULTS: Scopolamine significantly decreased traveled distance and time spent in target quadrant in probe test. Pretreatment of rats with sesame oil (0.5 mg/kg) mitigated scopolamine-induced behavioral alterations. Measurement of MDA, SOD, and GPX in brain tissue, and FRAP and TAS in blood showed little changes in animals which had received scopolamine or sesame oil. CONCLUSIONS: Intracerebroventricular injection of scopolamine has a residual effect on memory after six days. Sesame oil has an improving effect on spatial memory; however this effect is possibly mediated by mechanisms other than antioxidant effect of sesame oil.

Effect of Heixiaoyao Powder on Mice Model of Senile Dementia Induced by Scopolamine / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the mechanisms and the significance of compatibility of Heixiaoyao Powder by observing the effect of Heixiaoyao Powder on mice model of senile dementia induced by scopolamine. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups including control group, model group, Heixiaoyao Powder group, Xiaoyao powder group and streamlined formula group, with 10 mice of each group. Scopolamine hydrobromide intraperitoneal injection was adopted to make memory impairment in mice model, and followed by drugs treatment with corresponding decoction of the crude drug 2.314 g /(kg·d). Control group and model group were given normal saline orally once a day, all groups were treated for 10 days continuously. After 6 and 8 days of the administration, water maze test, stair jumping test and darkness avoidance test were conducted to test behavior proficiency, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in brain tissue were tested also. Results Compared with model group, Heixiaoyao Powder group, Xiaoyao Powder group and streamlined formula group could significantly reduce the error number and shorten latency in the water maze test, decrease the time of electrical shocks and prolong the incubation period of time in both stair jumping test and darkness avoidance test, and could increase ChAT activity and lower AchE activity in brain tissue of mice (P<0.01 or P<0.05), especially the effects of Heixiaoyao Powder group. Conclusions Heixiaoyao Powder and its analogous formula have the function of preventing and treating senile dementia.

Preparation of orally disintegrating tablets of scopolamine hydrobromide / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To optimize the formula and the preparation technique of orally disintegrating tablets of scopolamine hydrobromide(SH). Methods: The wet granule compressing method and the direct compressing method were compared to choose the suitable preparation method. The orthogonal design was used to optimize the formula of SH tablets while taking the hardness, disintegrating time and dissolution rate of the tablets as indices, and the optimization was verified. Results: The wet granule compressing method was chosen for preparation. The optimized formula was composed of mannitol 40%, MCC 35%, lactose 0, and CMS-Na 10%. And the hardness, disintegrating time and T50 of the optimized tablets were 3.8 kg, 54 s, and 2.47 min, respectively. Conclusion: The obtained formula and preparation technique for orally disintegrating tablets of SH is satisfactory; the quality of the prepared tablets can be well controlled.